Methanol name
| Chinese name | 甲醇 |
|---|---|
| English name | methanol |
| Chinese alias | 木精 | 木醇 |
| English alias | more |
Physical and chemical properties of methanol
| density | 0.8±0.1 g/cm3 |
|---|---|
| boiling point | 48.1±3.0 °C at 760 mmHg |
| melting point | -98ºC |
| Molecular formula | CH4O |
| molecular weight | 32.042 |
| flash point | 11.1±0.0 °C |
| accurate mass | 32.026215 |
| PSA | 20.23000 |
| LogP | -0.72 |
| Appearance and characteristics | Transparent colorless liquid |
| Vapor Density | 1.11 (vs air) |
| Vapor pressure | 265.4±0.1 mmHg at 25°C |
| refractive index | 1.311 |
| Storage conditions | Storage precautions: Store in a cool and well ventilated dedicated warehouse, away from sources of fire and heat. The storage temperature should not exceed 37 ℃, and the container should be kept sealed. It should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, alkali metals, etc., and avoid mixing storage. Adopt explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. Prohibit the use of mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to generating sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency response equipment for leaks and suitable containment materials. |
| stability |
1. Chemical properties: It has the properties of a saturated monoalcohol and has its own unique reactions due to the presence of only one carbon atom. For example, it forms a crystalline substance CaCl2 · 4CH3OH with calcium chloride and a molecular compound BaO · 2CH3OH with barium oxide, which is dissolved in methanol; Similar compounds include MgCl2 · 6CH3OH, CuSO4 · 2CH3OH, CH3OK · CH3OH, AlCl3 · 4CH3OH, AlCl3 · 6CH3OH, AlCl3 · 10CH3OH, etc Unlike other alcohols, due to the binding of - CH2OH group with hydrogen, formic acid generated during oxidation is further oxidized to CO2 Methanol is not easily reactive with chlorine and bromine, but it is prone to react with its aqueous solution, initially producing dichloromethyl ether (CH2Cl) 2O, which is converted into HCHO and HCl by the action of water Heating together with alkali and lime produces hydrogen gas and sodium formate; CH3OH+NaOH→HCOONa+2H2；⑤ Distilled together with zinc powder, it decomposes and produces CO and H2O. 2. Methanol is a toxic chemical product that has significant anesthetic effects and poses the most serious harm to the optic nerve. Drinking 5-10ml/kg methanol can cause severe poisoning, while drinking 10ml/kg or more poses a risk of blindness. Drinking 30ml/kg can be fatal. Methanol can penetrate into the human body through the digestive tract, respiratory tract, and skin, causing poisoning. When inhaling concentrated methanol vapor, in addition to the unique symptoms of drunkenness and headache, it often causes blurred vision and eye pain. Some of these symptoms can occur after a few hours, and in severe cases, they can present as dizziness, difficulty breathing, stomach pain, hernia, constipation, and sometimes bleeding, which takes several days to recover. During this period, it can also cause fatigue, discomfort, and in severe cases, cyanosis may occur. Whether acute or chronic, it takes a long time to recover. The maximum allowable concentration of methanol vapor in the workplace air is 260mg/m3. The protective method lies in sealing the production equipment and strictly preventing entry, eye contact, or contact with wounds. If there is any sticking, rinse quickly with water. Acute poisoning patients should quickly move to fresh air. Serious cases should be sent to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment. 3. It belongs to the category of moderate toxicity. It mainly acts on the nervous system and has an anesthetic effect. It can be absorbed, consumed, or inhaled by the skin and cause poisoning, characterized by irritation of the optic nerve and retina, leading to blindness in the eyes. Ethanol can be rapidly decomposed and eliminated in the body, while methanol is slowly eliminated, so it has an accumulative nature. Inhaling methanol vapor can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat, causing dizziness, headache, intoxication, tearing, and blurred vision. In severe cases, anesthesia, difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, hernia pain, bladder pain, constipation, and sometimes bleeding may occur. Drinking 5-10ml by mistake can cause severe poisoning, 15ml can lead to blindness, and around 30ml can be fatal. The oral lethal dose for rabbits is 10ml/kg. The olfactory threshold concentration is 140mg/m3. TJ36-79 stipulates that the maximum allowable concentration in workshop air is 50mg/m3. 4. Stability and stability 5. Prohibited compounds include acids, anhydrides, strong oxidants, and alkali metals 6. Aggregation hazard: non aggregation |
| SOLUBLE | miscible |
| molecular structure |
1. Molar refractive index: 8.21 2. Molar volume (cm3/mol): 42.5 3. Waiting for Zhang Biarong (90.2K): 88.6 4. Surface tension (dyne/cm): 18.8 5. Polarization rate (10-24cm3): 3.25 |
| computational chemistry |
1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): -0.5 2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 1 3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 1 4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0 5. Number of tautomers: None 6. Topological molecular polarity surface area 20.2 7. Number of heavy atoms: 2 8. Surface charge: 0 9. Complexity: 2 10. Number of isotopic atoms: 0 11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0 12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0 13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0 15. Number of covalent bond units: 1 |
| more |
1. Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid with a pungent odor. 2. Melting point (℃):- ninety-seven point eight 3. Boiling point (℃): 64.7 4. Relative density (water=1): 0.79 5. Relative vapor density (air=1): 1.1 6. Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 12.3 (20 ℃) 7. Heat of combustion (kJ/mol): -723 8. Critical temperature (℃): 240 9. Critical pressure (MPa): 7.95 10. Octanol/water partition coefficient:- 0.82~-0.77 11. Flash point (℃): 12 (CC); 12.2（OC） 12. Ignition temperature (℃): 464 13. Explosion upper limit (%): 36.5 14. Lower explosive limit (%): 6 15. Solubility: soluble in water, miscible with most organic solvents such as alcohols and ether. 16. Refractive index (n20 º C): 1.3284 17. Viscosity (mPa · s, 15 º C): 0.6405 18. Viscosity (mPa · s, 20 º C): 0.5945 19. Viscosity (mPa · s, 25 º C): 0.5525 20. Viscosity (mPa · s, 30 º C): 0.5142 21. Flash point (º C, open): 11 22. Flash point (º C, closed): 12.0 23. Heat of evaporation (KJ/mol, b.p.): 35.32 24. Melting heat (KJ/kg): 98.81 25. Heat of generation (KJ/mol, gas):- two hundred and one point three nine 26. Heat of generation (KJ/mol, liquid):- two hundred and thirty-eight point eight two 27. Specific heat capacity (KJ/(kg · K), 20 º C, constant pressure): 2.51 28. Boiling point rise constant: 0.785 29. Conductivity (S/m, 25 º C): 1.5 × 10-9 30. Thermal conductivity (W/(m · K), 30 º C): 21.3527 31. Coefficient of body expansion (K-1, 20 º C): 0.00119 32. Coefficient of body expansion (K-1,55 º C): 0.00124 33. Relative density (25 ℃, 4 ℃): 1.7866 34. Relative density (25 ℃, 4 ℃): 1.3265 35. Critical density (g · cm-3): 0.273 36. Critical volume (cm3 · mol-1): 117 37. Critical compression factor: 0.223 38. Eccentricity factor: 0.566 39. Lennard Jones parameter (A): 3.8632 40. Lennard Jones parameter (K): 419.86 41. Solubility parameter (J · cm-3) 0.5:29.532 42. van der Waals area (cm2 · mol-1): 3.580 × 109 43. Volume of van der Waals (cm3 · mol-1): 21.710 44. Gas phase standard combustion heat (enthalpy) (kJ · mol-1): 764.9 45. Gas phase standard claims enthalpy (kJ · mol-1): -2015 46. Gas phase standard entropy (J · mol-1 · K-1): 239.88 47. Gas phase standard generated free energy (kJ · mol-1): -161.6 48. Gas phase standard hot melt (J · mol-1 · K-1): 44.06 49. Liquid phase standard combustion heat (enthalpy) (kJ · mol-1): -726.9 50. Liquid phase standard claims enthalpy (kJ · mol-1): -239.1 51. Liquid phase standard entropy (J · mol-1 · K-1): 127.24 52. Liquid phase standard generation free energy (kJ · mol-1): -166.88 53. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J · mol-1 · K-1): 81.4 |
